Blue, Red, White, & Purple Teams explained

 Organization Security Exercise Types

An organization will train its own security people to defend against an attack. Two different scenarios can be implemented: pitting a Red Team against a Blue Team and allowing both teams to share information.

Red Team: This team acts as the aggressor; they will attempt to break into the network without sharing information with the Blue Team.

Blue Team: This team is the defensive team that attempts to detect and prevent any infiltration.

White Team: Sets the roles of engagements and monitors the exercise.

This team will also be the arbitrator and can stop the exercise when it becomes destructive.

Purple Team: In this type of exercise, the Red and Blue teams share information and collaborate throughout. 

DNS Record Types to know for the exam

 DNS RECORD TYPES

Make sure you know the following DNA record types for this exam and how they are used:

A: host (IPv4). Maps the name to an IPv4 address.

AAAA: host (IPv6) Maps the name to an IPv6 address.

CNAME: (Canonical Name): Alias. Example: Sites that use www as the hostname of a web server might internally call it something else, such as Dallwebserver1.

MX: Mail Exchanger. This is used for an email server.

NS: Name Server. Provides a list of the authoritative DNS servers responsible for the domain you are trying to query.

PTR: Pointer. This is a reverse record; it resolves IPv4 or IPv6 addresses to domain names.

SOA: Start of Authority. Keeps track of all of the DNS changes to help with replication.

TXT: Text. Stores descriptive information about the domain in a text format. 

SPF stands for Sender Policy Framework. It helps prevent spammers from sending emails from your domain using the email addresses of your email servers. 

What is HSTS?

 HSTS

HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security)

This is enabled on the webserver. It is designed to prevent downgrade attacks such as SSL stripping and Man-in-the-Middle attacks. Even if the user enters HTTP into the URL, the connection will either be blocked or automatically connect using HTTPS if configured on the web server.

WIRELESS AUTHENTICATION METHODS

These authenticate the device only. These devices do not use TLS, which is only used with certificates. Do not use a username; only use a password (PSK).

 WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)

·       Built on RC4 – uses a 24-bit IV – PSK (Pre-Shared Key)

·       Prone to IV (Initialization Vector) attack

 WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)

·       Built on RC4 – uses TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)

·       Personal Mode (PSK) or Enterprise Mode (with RADIUS)

·       The PSK is prone to brute force attacks

 WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)

·       Built on AES – uses CCMP

·       Personal Mode (PSK) or Enterprise Mode (with RADIUS)

·       The PSK is prone to brute force attacks

·       AES replaced RC4, CCMP replaced TKIP

 WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3)

• Built on GCMP-256 (Galois/Counter Mode Protocol)
• Replaces PSK with SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals)

 WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)

• Connection is generally used with a pushbutton
• If there is no push button, use the 8-digit PIN at the bottom of the AP
• Prone to a brute force attack, can be broken in less than 11,000 attempt
• Tools used for cracking WPS: Reaver, Wifite, Wash 

 The following authenticate the user and require certificates. When using certificates, you must use TLS.

 Enterprise Mode / 802.1x Authentication

• Using this method requires a RADIUS server
• Authentication can be accomplished with a username & password, smart card, or token
• Authentication is used against an enterprise directory service / AAA server / RADIUS
• 802.1x requires a Supplicant, Authenticator, and Authentication server (AAA / RADIUS) 

 EAP-TLS (Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Layer Security)

• Certificates are needed on both the server and wireless device (Supplicant)
• Provides mutual authentication
• Authenticates the user – uses an enterprise directory service

 EAP-TTLS (Extensible Authentication Protocol – Tunneled Transport Layer Security)

• Certificate on the server only
• Authenticates the user - uses an enterprise directory service
• End-to-end protection of authentication credentials

 PEAP (Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol)

• Certificate on the server only
• Uses TLS
• Authenticates the user – uses an enterprise directory service
• End-to-end protection of authentication credentials

 The following authenticate the user and do not use certificates

 LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol)

• Does not require certificates
• Replaced with EAP-FAST

 EAP-FAST (Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling)

• Do not use certificates
• Replaced LEAP

 The following is the RADIUS federation

 Multiple organizations allow access to one another’s users

Uses the native 802.1x client (Supplicant)

Each organization has a RADIUS server and joins a mesh