ext3 & ext4

 ext3 vs ext4

Ext4 is an advanced version of the ext3 file system for Linux that offers several improvements, including:

File and partition sizes:

Ext4 supports files up to 16 terabytes and partitions up to 1 exabyte, while ext3 supports files up to 2 terabytes and partitions up to 16 terabytes.

Sub-directories:

Ext4 supports unlimited sub-directories, while ext3 only supports up to 32,000.

Performance:

Ext4 is faster due to extents, contiguous blocks of data, and delayed allocation, which optimizes write operations.

Reliability:

Ext4 is more reliable due to checksums for the journal and metadata, as well as multi-block allocation.

Flexibility:

Ext4 has more flexibility with subvolumes and online defragmentation.

Scalability:

Ext4 is designed to support large file systems and keep up with increasing disk capacities.

Ext3 was the default file system for many Linux distributions, but ext4 is now the default for many.