CVSS Metrics

This is covered in the CompTIA CySA+ course.

Here are some examples of metrics used in the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS):

Attack Vector (AV)

How an attack can be executed, with higher scores for remote attacks:

Network (N): Remotely exploitable

Adjacent (A): Requires network adjacency for exploitation

Local (L): Not exploitable over a network

Physical (P): Requires physical interaction with the target system

Attack Complexity (AC)

How difficult it is to execute the attack:

Low: Easier to exploit

High: More difficult to exploit

Privileges Required (PR)

The level of access needed to exploit the vulnerability:

None: Unauthenticated

User Interaction (UI)

Whether the attacker needs to involve a user in the exploit:

Passive: The user needs to do something, like accidentally visiting a malicious website

Active: The user needs to do something, like executing a malicious office macro

Scope (S) indicates whether the exploit affects only the local security context

(U) Unchanged or not (C) Changed

Confidentiality (C)

High (H), Low (L), or None (N)

Integrity (I)

High (H), Low (L), or None (N)

Availability (A)

High (H), Low (L), or None (N)

Score Categories

Score                Description

0	None
0.1+	Low
4.0+	Medium
7.0+	High
9.0+	Critical

Here is a link to a CVSS calculator: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln-metrics/cvss/v3-calculator