Spanning Tree Protocol
This protocol requires a managed switch. Spanning tree prevents switching loops which cause a broadcast storm. Without this, the switching loops continue until manually stopped.
Switching loops occur when both ends of the same cable are plugged into the same switch or adjacent wall jacks. This would also happen with multiple uplinks between two switches if LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) is not configured.
The improvement on STP is RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol), providing a much faster convergence after any change to the topology.
The other systems connected to the switch will eventually lose connection as though a DoS (Denial of Service) attack is taking place.
The DP (Designated Port) sends traffic down through the network. The RP (Root Port) sends traffic towards the root bridge. The BP (Blocking Port) prevents a switching loop.
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